內控課題

㈠ 開題報告要寫各階段任務，我們研究的課題是財經方面關於內部控制的，從哪個切入點切入比較好 注意，是

你好，同學，你的開題報告老師讓你往哪個方向寫？
開題報告有什麼要求呢
開題報告是需要多少字呢
你可以告訴我具體的排版格式要求，希望可以幫到你，祝開題報告選題通過順利。

1、研究背景
研究背景即提出問題，闡述研究該課題的原因。研究背景包括理論背景和現實需要。還要綜述國內外關於同類課題研究的現狀：①人家在研究什麼、研究到什麼程度？②找出你想研究而別人還沒有做的問題。③他人已做過，你認為做得不夠（或有缺陷），提出完善的想法或措施。④別人已做過，你重做實驗來驗證。

2、目的意義
目的意義是指通過該課題研究將解決什麼問題（或得到什麼結論），而這一問題的解決（或結論的得出）有什麼意義。有時將研究背景和目的意義合二為一。

3、成員分工
成員分工應是指課題組成員在研究過程中所擔負的具體職責，要人人有事干、個個擔責任。組長負責協調、組織。

4、實施計劃
實施計劃是課題方案的核心部分，它主要包括研究內容、研究方法和時間安排等。研究內容是指可操作的東西，一般包括幾個層次：⑴研究方向。⑵子課題（數目和標題）。⑶與研究方案有關的內容，即要通過什麼、達到什麼等等。研究方法要寫明是文獻研究還是實驗、調查研究？若是調查研究是普調還是抽查？如果是實驗研究，要註明有無對照實驗和重復實驗。實施計劃要詳細寫出每個階段的時間安排、地點、任務和目標、由誰負責。若外出調查，要列出調查者、調查對象、調查內容、交通工具、調查工具等。如果是實驗研究，要寫出實驗內容、實驗地點、器材。實施計劃越具體，則越容易操作。

5、可行性論證
可行性論證是指課題研究所需的條件，即研究所需的信息資料、實驗器材、研究經費、學生的知識水平和技能及教師的指導能力。另外，還應提出該課題目前已做了哪些工作，還存在哪些困難和問題，在哪些方面需要得到學校和老師幫助等等。

6、預期成果及其表現形式
預期成果一般是論文或調查（實驗）報告等形式。成果表達方式是通過文字、圖片、實物和多媒體等形式來表現。

㈡ 互聯網企業存貨內部控制存在的問題及對策論述，求一篇論文的開題報告

不懂可以問，希望你能順利早日通過選題：

先說下開題報告的內容
1、課題的來源及選題的依據。主要是研究生對其研究方向的歷史，現狀和發展情況進行分析，著重說明所選課題的經過，該課題在國內外的研究動態，和對開展此課研究工作的設想，同時闡明所選課題的理論意義、實用價值和社會經濟效益，以及准備在哪些方面有所進展或突破。
2、對所確定的課題，在理論上和實際上的意義、價值及可能達到的水平，給予充分的闡述，同時要對自己的課題計劃、確定的技術路線、實驗方案、預期結果等做理論上和技術可行性的論證。
3、課題研究過程，擬採用哪些方法和手段，目前儀器設備和其他各方面條件是否具備。
4、闡述課題研究工作可能遇的困難和問題，以及解決的方法和措施。
5、估算論文工作所需經費，說明經費來源。
再談下開題報告的要求
1、開題時間：開題報告至遲應於第三學期末完成。凡未按時開題著，可酌情在論文成績中減1至5分。
2、研究生要進行系統的文獻查閱和廣泛的調查研究，寫出詳細的文獻綜述，並進行現場考察和初步的試驗研究，然後寫出5000字左右的書面開題報告，並制定出詳細的論文工作計劃，經導師審閱、修改後進行開題報告。開題前研究生應將有關的參考文獻和已做過的作為開題依據的各種理論分析、試驗數據，事先印發給參加會議的有關人員。
3、開題報告必須在學院或教研室(研究室)中進行，組成3至5人的開題報告審查小組，並邀請本專業的教師、學生參加，聽取多方面的意見。審查小組成員應事先審閱提交的開題報告及有關資料，為開會做好准備。
會議應發揚學術民主，對研究生的開題報告進行嚴格審核和科學論證。對選題適當、論據充分、措施落實的，應批准論文開題；對尚有不足的，要限期修改補充，並重做開題報告。若再次開題不能通過。則取消研究生學籍，終止培養。
4、開題通過後，應將開題報告與論文工作計劃經導師、教研室主任和學院院長簽字後交校學位辦公室。研究生、導師、學院各存一份開題報告和論文工作計劃的復印件，以便定期檢查論文工作。
5、開題通過後，一般不得改變研究課題。確有特殊情況需要更改課題者，由導師寫出書面報告說明理由，經教研室主任、學院院長、研究生教育學院院長批准後，方可另做開題報告，改換研究課題，更改研究課題後仍不能進行下去的，則對研究生取消學籍，並取消指導教師指導研究生的資格。

㈢ 說明內控的歷史和現狀，即前人做過哪些研究，取得哪些成果，有哪些問題沒有解決，自己有什麼新的看法

這是論文答辯呢吧？不用這么說的，只要簡述下摘要就可以，答辯時間緊張，沒那麼多話說的

㈣ 急需與「上市公司內部控制環境問題研究」這課題有關的外國文獻2篇！

文獻太長，格式編輯也比較復雜，你可以根據我給出的開頭內容和reference自己搜索一下。
Internal control
Corporate governance, internal audit and strategic renewal
In the early 1990s, as the result of a series of eventful organisational malpractices in Europe in both the private and public sector, ranging from financial disasters to operational catastrophes, there was mounting criticism of the quality and scope of financial reporting and the effectiveness of independent accounting. This article discusses the background to corporate governance in the UK. It then covers the development of corporate governance in the Central Bank of Iceland and explains how international currents have affected the Bank.
The main elements of internal control are listed and discussed, followed by how internal control and internal audit can be used to stimulate and promote changes and strategic renewal.
The conclusion is that internal control is a very important element of corporate governance. Internal audit adds value to the organisation by assessing the control systems and reporting that assessment to the board and management, which in turn use it as a measure of the 「health」 of the organisational system.
The audit function thus becomes the enabler of change by providing knowledge about the true state of the organisation and the rate of the change taking place through an assessment of internal control systems.
......
References
Auditing Practices Board, The Audit Agenda, 1994,
http://www.frc.org.uk
Bank for International Settlements, Central Bank Governance,
Managing the Process of Change, Basel, 1996.
Bank for International Settlements, Central Bank Governance,
Performance Efficiency and Cost, Basel, 1996.
Bank for International Settlements, Enhancing Performance and
Improving Efficiency, Basel, 1996.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Enhancing Corporate
Governance for Banking Organisation, September 1999.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Framework for Internal
Control Systems in Banking Organisations, September 1998.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Framework for the
Evaluation of Internal Control Systems, January 1998.
Cadbury Report, Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects
of Corporate Governance, December 1992,
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/privatesector/cg/docs/
cadbury.pdf
Catsambas, T., Safeguards Assessments and Central Bank
Legislation, 2002, www.imf.org
Chami, R., and C. Fullenkamp, 「Trust as a Means of Improving
Corporate Governance and Efficiency」, IMF Working Paper,WP/02/33.
CMA Canada, Accounting Standards and Corporate Governance,
November 2002.
CoCo, 「Guidance for Directors – Governance Processes for
Control」, The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, 1995.
CoCo, 「Guidance on Control」, The Canadian Institute of
Chartered Accountants, 1995.
COSO, 「Internal Control – Integrated Framework」, Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, 1992,
www.aicpa.org
Fry, M., L. Mahadeva and G. Sterne, 「Key Issues in the Choice of
Monetary Framework」, Centre for Central Bank Studies, 2000.
Gibbs, J., and P. Keating, 「Reengineering Controls」, Internal
Auditor, pp. 46-49, October 1995.
Greenbury Report on Directors』 Remuneration, July 1995,
http://www.ecgi.org/codes/country_documents/uk/greenbury.pdf
Hampel Report, The Report of the Committee on Corporate
Governance (1998),
http://www.ecgi.org/codes/cpuntry_documents/uk/hampel_index.
htm
Higgs Report (Derek Higgs), Review of the role and effectiveness
of non-executive directors, January 2003,
http://www.dti.gov.uk-/cld/non_exec_review/pdfs/higgsreport.pdf
Johnson, G. and K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate strategy, text
and cases, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 1997, p. 10.
Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton, The Strategy-Focused Organization,
Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 2001.
Kurtzig, J., 「Coping with the accounting standards and central
bank transparency」, Central Banking Journal, Vol. XII, No. 2, pp.
76-81, November 2001.
List of Current Corporate Governance Codes,
http://www.combinet.org/goverance/finalver/listof.htm
Markides, C., and H. Singh, 「Corporate Restructuring: ASymptom
of Poor Governance or a Solution to Past Managerial Mistakes」,
European Management Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 213-219, June
1997.
McNamee, D., 1995, 「Towards a General Theory of Internal
Audit」, Internal Auditing, April, pp. 17-20.
Mendzela, J., 「Leadership and management of central banks」,
Central Banking Journal, pp. 59-66, Vol. XIII.2.
Muralidharan, R., and R.D. Hamilton III, 「Aligning Multinational
Control Systems」, Long Range Planning, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 352-
361, 1999.
OECD, Principles of Corporate Governance, 1999,
http://www.oecd.org
Research Committee of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
Scotland, Auditing into the Twenty-first Century, The Institute of
Chartered Accountants of Scotland, 1993.
Ridley, J., and A. Chambers, Leading Edge Internal Auditing,
Prentice Hall Europe, 1998.
Rutteman Report, Internal Control and Financial Reporting:
Guidance for Directors of Listed Companies registered in the UK.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales,1994
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, http://www.sarbanes-oxley.com
Simons, R., 「Control in the Age of Empowerment」, Harvard
Business Review, pp. 80-88, March-April 1995.
Simons, R., Levers of Control, Harvard Business School Press,
Boston 1994.
Smith Report, Audit Committees: Combined Code Guidance.
Submitted to the Financial Reporting Council in December 2002
and published in January 2003, http://frc.org.uk/publications
Special Report, What the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Means for Banks,
Fall 2002, www.sheshunoff.com
Steinthórsdóttir, L., The Central Bank of Iceland: Towards a
Framework for Internal Audit, University of Edinburgh, dissertation,
Edinburgh, 1998.
The Institute of Internal Auditors – UK and Ireland, A New Agenda
for Corporate Governance Reform, July 2002.
The Institute of Internal Auditors – UK and Ireland, Internal
Control Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code,
September 1999.
The Institute of Internal Auditors, Recommendations for Improving
Corporate Governance, http://www.theiia.org
The Institute of Internal Auditors, Three Routes to Improve
Corporate Governance, http://www.theiia.org
Tongren, J.D., 「CoActive control」, Internal Auditor, pp. 42-44,
June 1995.
Turnbull Report, Internal Control Guidance for Directors on the
Combined Code, September 1999,
http://ecgi.org/codes/country_documents/uk/turnbul.pdf